Adriana Varejão

Adriana Varejão, Entrance Figure III, 2005. Oil on canvas, 200 x 200cm. Collection Adriana Varejão, Rio de Janeiro. Courtesy the artist, Lehmann Maupin Gallery, New York and MAM, São Paulo.



SAO PAULO.- Adriana Varejão, one of the most acclaimed contemporary artists of her generation, is being honored with an important retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art, São Paulo, Brazil, from 4 September through 16 December 2012. Curated by Adriano Pedrosa, Varejão’s long-time collaborator, Histories at the Margins features 42 works created over two decades, including early paintings such as Milagre dos Peixes (1991) as well as newly created works for the exhibition, among them a large-scale polyptych composed of 54 panels entitled Carnívoras. Histories at the Margins presents works that have never before been exhibited in Brazil, on loan from renowned collections including Fundació “La Caixa” (Barcelona), Solomon R. Guggenheim (New York), and Tate Modern (London), which is lending Azulejaria Verde em Carne Viva (2000). A major work entitled Parede com Incisões à la Fontana (2000), created as a direct engagement with and response to the work of Lucio Fontana, is also on view. Both paintings mentioned above illustrate an important theme in Varejão’s art; they interact uniquely with the Baroque legacy of Minas Gerais, the barroco mineiro. Varejão developed a fertile dialogue with the style when she was first introduced to baroque masters such as Aleijadinho during a trip to Ouro Preto (Minas Gerais) early in her career, in 1986. Adriana Varejão’s Rio de Janeiro-based production is particularly rich in historical and artistic references. One such example on view in the exhibition is Reflexo de sonhos no sonho de outro espelho (Estudo sobre o Tiradentes de Pedro Américo), from 1998, arguably one of her most expressive works. The installation, composed of 21 paintings, is a re-reading of Pedro Américo’s (1843-1905) iconic Tiradentes Esquartejado. Varejão created the work for the São Paulo Bienal in 1998, curated by Paulo Herkenhoff and considered to be one of the country’s most successful biennials. Histories at the Margins brings Reflexo de sonhos back to the public for the first time in nearly fifteen years. Along with the series Extirpação do Mal, shown at the 1994 Bienal, these works serve as documentation of her participation in Brazil´s most important contemporary art event. These examples are a good illustration of the concept Pedrosa introduces in this first comprehensive show of Varejão’s work. Histories at the Margins evokes, in its Portuguese title (Histórias às Margens), not only historical traditions but stories, as Pedrosa defines it, “the marginal histories and stories often forgotten or relegated to the margins by historic tradition, irrespective of whether they refer to Brazil, Portugal, China, art itself, the Baroque, colonization. Varejão researches these histories, rescues and interweaves them in her paintings.” Many of the paintings Varejão has created especially for this exhibition are significant examples of such interweavings. For instance, a large-scale painting of Guanabara Bay rendered in a style that recalls Chinese antiquities echoes back to a series Varejão began in 1992, when, impressed by the influence that Chinese art exerted over the Brazilian baroque, she spent three months in China. Varejão found inspiration in Song Dynasty ceramics and developed an interest in craquelature. The effect is present in many of her works and is quite noticeable in the exhibition’s largest painting, the new Carnívoras, composed of 54 panels, each measuring one square meter. Carnivorous plants from various places around the world are painted in red over canvases with surfaces that allude to the texture of Azulejo tile art. This polyptych is Varejão´s return to the poetics of a work conceived for the 2003 MAM-SP Panorama of Brazilian Art, in which she created larger-than-life tiles decorated with hallucinogenic plants. These ceramic tile creations can be seen currently, along with other works by Varejão, in a permanent pavilion dedicated to her work at the Inhotim Contemporary Art Institute, at Brumadinho, Minas Gerais. The visual concept of Histories at the Margins was conceived by architect and designer Rodrigo Cerviño Lopez, who was responsible for designing the pavilion at Inhotim and Varejão’s studio in Rio de Janeiro. Cerviño Lopez has also designed the exhibition catalogue, in which each work is accompanied by a text by Pedrosa, highlighting the wealth of references Varejão imbues in each piece. On noting, for example, that Varejão’s most recent works suggest large ceramic dishes, Pedrosa points out her interest in the extravagant work of Portuguese ceramics artist Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro (1846-1905), which inspired four works selected for this exhibition. “I have always been driven by curiosity in my work. Now, for example, I am so involved with Bordalo Pinheiro’s art that apart from reading everything I can find about him, I went to Portugal several times to see his ceramics and a few rare pieces hidden away in private collections. Research is the most enjoyable part of my work,” said Varejão Adriana Varejão, born in Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro in 1964, embarked on her career as an artist in the mid-1980s, studying at the Escola de Artes Visuais do Parque Lage. Varejão was the recipient of the 9th National Salon of Fine Arts Prize, and in 2011, she was bestowed with Brazil’s prestigious Cultural Merit Order Award. Varejão’s first of many solo exhibitions was held in 1988. Her work has been presented around the world, including Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as in major exhibitions such as Chambre d’échos / Câmara de ecos that opened at the Paris Cartier Foundation in 2005 and traveled to Portugal and Spain. Varejão has participated in over one hundred group exhibitions, among them the 1994 and 1998 São Paulo Biennials, as well as the Biennials of Johannesburg (1995), Liverpool (2000, 2006), Sydney (2001), Prague (2003), Santa Fé (2004), the MERCOSUR (2005), Bucharest (2008) and Istanbul (2011). The artist is represented by Lehmann Maupin, New York; Victoria Miro, London; and Fortes Vilaca, São Paulo. In addition to a permanent exhibition housed in a dedicated pavilion at the Contemporary Art Center in Inhotim (Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil), Varejão’s work is also present in a number of collections, such as the Hara Museum (Tokyo), Tate Modern (London), Solomon R. Guggenheim (New York), and Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam), among others. Apart from being listed in various catalogues and key publications such as Vitamin P and Fresh Cream (Phaidon) and Women Artists in the 20th and 21st Century (Taschen), Varejão’s work is the subject of a book of collected essays entitled Entre Mares e Carnes, ed. Cobogó (2009). Art historian and critic Carol Armstrong recently published an eight-page essay on Varejão’s work in the January 2012 edition of ArtForum magazine. 

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